MacBook Pro A2141 820-01700 GPU Disable Conversion

Shorted AMD GPU and VRAM isolated – permanent Intel integrated graphics conversion

INTRODUCTION

A failed dedicated GPU does not automatically mean that a MacBook Pro is beyond repair. It also does not automatically mean that the customer’s data has been destroyed.

This 2019 16-inch MacBook Pro had several AMD GPU and video-memory power rails shorted to ground. The short prevented normal USB-C power negotiation and made the Mac appear completely dead.

The customer had already been told that the GPU was damaged, the Mac could not be repaired and all the data was gone. Our first objective was to protect and recover the data. We then investigated whether the Mac could be permanently converted to Intel integrated graphics.

Unlike older 2011–2015 MacBook Pro models, the 820-01700 does not use a conventional GMUX that can simply be removed and bypassed. GPU sequencing, eDP switching, panel power, backlight enable and brightness control are divided between several separate circuits.

The conversion required us to:

• Isolate the shorted AMD GPU and VRAM power domains
• Retain the expected GPU power-good sequence
• Force the high-speed eDP multiplexer to Intel graphics
• Recreate the Intel panel-power path
• Recreate the Intel backlight-enable path
• Confirm backlight-controller I2C communication
• Restore full hardware backlight through the display TCON input

IMPORTANT

This is an advanced component-level logic-board modification. The controller and load sides of every signal must be confirmed from the boardview and schematic before installing jumpers.

The procedure should not be applied to another logic-board revision without checking its circuit design.

MacBook Pro A2141 820-01700 GPU-disable conversion infographic showing shorted AMD GPU rail isolation, Intel eDP routing and backlight recovery.
820-01700 Intel-only conversion: five shorted AMD GPU and VRAM rails isolated, required PGOOD sequencing retained, U9850 forced to Intel eDP and full backlight restored.

Fault Description

Device: 16-inch MacBook Pro 2019
Model: A2141
Logic board: 820-01700
Customer area: 3806
Customer complaint: Mac suddenly died; no power; no water damage reported
Previous diagnosis: Dedicated GPU damaged; Mac and data declared unrecoverable
Initial USB-C reading: 5 V, 0 A
Primary electrical fault: PPBUS_G3H shorted through failed AMD GPU and VRAM power domains
Customer decision: Accepted a permanent Intel-integrated-graphics-only conversion

 

Initial Measurements

The initial USB-C reading of 5 V and 0 A showed that the board was not progressing into normal high-voltage USB-C negotiation.

An inductor survey identified PPBUS_G3H as shorted. The following GPU-related inductor outputs were also shorted to ground:

• LA750
• LA850
• LA860
• LA870
• LA950

All five inductors were removed to isolate the failed AMD GPU and video-memory loads.

After the five loads were disconnected, PPBUS_G3H was no longer shorted. This was the decisive diagnostic result: the fault was contained within the dedicated GPU and VRAM subsystem rather than the CPU, onboard SSD or customer-data path.

The failed AMD subsystem had prevented the entire Mac from powering on, but the customer’s data was not inherently lost.

Why the 820-01700 Is Different From Older GMUX Boards

On many older MacBook Pro logic boards, the GMUX handles:

• Integrated and dedicated GPU selection
• LCD panel power
• Backlight enable
• Hardware brightness PWM
• Display switching during sleep and wake

Removing the GMUX and routing the Intel signals to the LCD connector can be sufficient on those designs.

The 820-01700 divides these functions between U9801, U9850, the CPU/PCH display signals, the display TCON and the U8400 backlight driver.

U9801 is an I2C GPIO expander. It participates in GPU voltage-regulator sequencing, power-good monitoring, panel-power control and backlight control.

U9850 is the high-speed 2:1 eDP multiplexer that selects either the AMD or Intel eDP source for the internal display.

U8400, marked LP8548B1, is the logic-board LED backlight driver. It receives backlight enable through EDP_BKLT_EN and brightness programming through the I2C_BKLT bus.

J8500 carries the eDP lanes, panel supply, TCON control buses and BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON signal to the display assembly.

Circuit Logic: GPU Power Sequencing

Schematic page 116 shows five U9801-controlled GPU voltage-regulator stages.

Their enable signals leave U9801 as EG_VR0_EN through EG_VR4_EN. The signals pass through RB900–RB904 toward the physical GPU regulators.

Corresponding PGOOD signals return to U9801:

VR0

Enable path: EG_VR0_EN → RB900 → P3V3GPU_EN
Physical confirmation: P3V3_S0GPU_PGOOD
Return path: RB924 → EG_VR0_PGOOD

VR1

Enable path: EG_VR1_EN → RB901 → P1V8GPU_EN
Physical confirmation: P1V8GPU_PGOOD
Return path: RB923 → EG_VR1_PGOOD

VR2

Enable path: EG_VR2_EN → RB902 → PVDD075GPU_EN
Physical confirmation: PVDD075GPU_PGOOD
Return path: RB917 → EG_VR2_PGOOD

VR3

Enable path: EG_VR3_EN → RB903 → PVDDCOREGPU_EN
Physical confirmation: GPU core and SOC PGOOD signals
Return path: RB918 and RB919 → EG_VR3_PGOOD

VR4

Enable path: EG_VR4_EN → RB904 → PVDDMEMGPU_EN
Physical confirmation: GPU memory PGOOD signals
Return path: RB920 and RB921 → EG_VR4_PGOOD

The schematic specifies that EG_VR4_PGOOD must be the final PGOOD in the sequence.

For an Intel-only conversion, the physical AMD power loads must remain disconnected while U9801 still receives the expected logical PGOOD progression.

The conversion therefore retained the required simulated EG_VR0_PGOOD through EG_VR4_PGOOD sequence without allowing the failed GPU and VRAM rails to turn on.

IMPORTANT ISOLATION RULE

A simulated PGOOD level must never be connected to a still-connected shorted regulator output. Confirm the controller side and load side in the boardview before installing any PGOOD jumper.

820-01700 schematic showing EG_VR0 through EG_VR4 GPU enable and PGOOD sequencing circuits.
The 820-01700 GPU control circuit expects five sequenced PGOOD returns, with EG_VR4_PGOOD completing the sequence. Source: supplied schematic, page 116.

Circuit Logic: U9801 and U9850

U9801 is not merely an older-style graphics multiplexer. It is an I2C GPIO expander that performs several GPU-sequencing and display-control functions.

Removing it permanently would also remove functions still required for Intel-only operation. U9801 was therefore retained in the final conversion, with only the necessary outputs overridden.

U9850 is the actual high-speed 2:1 eDP multiplexer.

It receives:

• Four AMD eDP lanes and AUX signals
• Four Intel eDP lanes and AUX signals
• A GPU selection input controlled through EDP_MUXSEL_OVR and R9819

U9850 sends the selected eDP source to the internal display connector.

Keeping U9850 in circuit avoids manually wiring four controlled-impedance eDP lane pairs. Only its selection state needs to be overridden.

820-01700 schematic showing the U9801 GPIO expander and U9850 two-to-one eDP multiplexer.
U9801 controls GPU sequencing and display states, while U9850 selects either AMD or Intel eDP for the internal display.

Workshop Conversion Sequence

Removing LA750, LA850, LA860, LA870 and LA950 isolated the shorted AMD GPU and VRAM loads and cleared the PPBUS_G3H short.

However, removing the output inductors alone is not sufficient for the permanent conversion. Every AMD regulator enable must also be disconnected, and the genuine regulator PGOOD returns must be isolated before simulated PGOOD signals are created.

The complete GPU enable and PGOOD network is shown on schematic page 116.

1. Isolate the Shorted AMD GPU and VRAM Loads

The following inductors were shorted on their GPU or VRAM load sides:

• LA750
• LA850
• LA860
• LA870
• LA950

All five inductors were removed.

After their removal:

• The PPBUS_G3H short cleared
• The shorted GPU and VRAM loads were isolated
• PPBUS_G3H returned to a normal condition
• The CPU, onboard SSD and customer-data circuits were no longer being held down by the failed GPU subsystem

2. Retain U9801 as the GPU Sequence Controller

U9801 must remain in circuit because it controls more than the dedicated GPU.

Its functions include:

• EG_VR0–EG_VR4 enable sequencing
• GPU PGOOD monitoring
• PM_ALL_GPU_PGOOD generation
• Display-control signals
• Panel-power control
• Backlight-control signals
• I2C display management

The conversion therefore allows U9801 to produce its normal GPU enable sequence, but prevents those enables from reaching the physical AMD voltage regulators.

3. Disable Every Physical AMD GPU Rail

Remove the five 0 Ω series enable resistors between U9801 and the AMD GPU voltage regulators.

RemoveU9801-side signalDisabled regulator or rail
RB900EG_VR0_ENPP3V3_S0_GPU
RB901EG_VR1_ENPP1V8_S0_GPU
RB902EG_VR2_ENPP0V75_S0_GPU
RB903EG_VR3_ENPPGFX_S0_GPU and PPSOC_S0_GPU
RB904EG_VR4_ENGPU memory rails

According to the schematic:

• Pin 1 is the U9801 side
• Pin 2 is the physical regulator side
• RB900–RB904 are all 0 Ω series resistors

After their removal:

• U9801 can still produce its normal EG_VR0_EN through EG_VR4_EN sequence
• None of the enable signals reaches the AMD GPU regulators
• The GPU regulators remain disabled
• Every physical AMD GPU output rail should remain at 0 V

Confirm that the regulator-side pads remain low during startup before continuing.

4. Isolate the Genuine Regulator PGOOD Signals

The real PGOOD signals from the disabled GPU regulators must not remain connected to the U9801 PGOOD inputs.

Remove the following components:

RemoveU9801 input isolated
RB924EG_VR0_PGOOD
RB923EG_VR1_PGOOD
RB917EG_VR2_PGOOD
RB918 and RB919EG_VR3_PGOOD
RB920 and RB921EG_VR4_PGOOD

RB918 and RB919

The pin-2 ends of RB918 and RB919 join at the EG_VR3_PGOOD input to U9801.

Their regulator-source sides must remain separate. Do not connect the original GPU-core and GPU-SOC PGOOD outputs together.

RB920 and RB921

The pin-2 ends of RB920 and RB921 join at the EG_VR4_PGOOD input to U9801.

Their regulator-source sides must also remain separate. Do not connect the original GPU-memory PGOOD outputs together.

IMPORTANT

Only the U9801 input-side nodes are used for the simulated PGOOD signals.

The original regulator-source sides must remain isolated because the physical GPU regulators and output rails will be disabled.

5. Make Each Fake PGOOD Follow Its Corresponding Enable

Do not pull every GPU PGOOD signal permanently to 3.3 V.

Instead, make each U9801 PGOOD input follow its corresponding U9801 enable output through an approximately 10 kΩ resistor.

Install the following five resistive jumpers:

Fake PGOODFromTo
Fake VR0RB900 pin 1RB924 pin 2
Fake VR1RB901 pin 1RB923 pin 2
Fake VR2RB902 pin 1RB917 pin 2
Fake VR3RB903 pin 1Joined RB918/RB919 pin-2 node
Fake VR4RB904 pin 1Joined RB920/RB921 pin-2 node

Each jumper should use approximately 10 kΩ.

The operating principle is:

U9801 asserts EG_VR0_EN.

The signal passes through the new 10 kΩ resistor.

U9801 then reads EG_VR0_PGOOD as high.

The same arrangement is repeated for VR1, VR2, VR3 and VR4.

Why Sequenced Fake PGOOD Is Better Than Permanent Pull-Ups

This arrangement preserves the basic timing relationship between each enable and its corresponding PGOOD input:

• PGOOD remains low before the sequence begins
• PGOOD rises only after its corresponding enable rises
• PGOOD falls when its corresponding enable is removed
• Each PGOOD follows the correct U9801 sequencing stage
• The arrangement more closely resembles normal regulator behaviour
• U9801 can complete its normal VR0-to-VR4 sequence without powering the failed AMD GPU

The existing 47 kΩ enable pull-down resistors R9820–R9824 should remain fitted.

These pull-downs hold both the enable outputs and the simulated PGOOD inputs low while U9801 is in reset or inactive.

Leave RB922 Installed

Do not remove RB922.

RB922 connects:

EG_VR4_PGOOD → PM_ALL_GPU_PGOOD

VR4 is the final stage of the GPU sequence.

When U9801 asserts EG_VR4_EN:

  1. RB904 pin 1 rises
  2. The new 10 kΩ jumper raises the joined RB920/RB921 pin-2 node
  3. U9801 reads EG_VR4_PGOOD as high
  4. RB922 passes the completed state to PM_ALL_GPU_PGOOD
  5. The system receives confirmation that the complete GPU power sequence has finished

This allows PM_ALL_GPU_PGOOD to be generated without turning on any of the physical AMD GPU regulators.

Measurements After Completing the Modification

Before proceeding with the display conversion, confirm the following:

TestExpected result
RB900–RB904 pin 1Normal sequential U9801 enable activity
RB900–RB904 pin 2Remains low; signals do not reach regulators
Physical AMD GPU rails0 V
RB924 pin 2Follows RB900 pin 1 through 10 kΩ
RB923 pin 2Follows RB901 pin 1 through 10 kΩ
RB917 pin 2Follows RB902 pin 1 through 10 kΩ
Joined RB918/RB919 pin-2 nodeFollows RB903 pin 1 through 10 kΩ
Joined RB920/RB921 pin-2 nodeFollows RB904 pin 1 through 10 kΩ
PM_ALL_GPU_PGOODAppears after the VR4 stage
PPBUS_G3HNo longer shorted
GPU and VRAM regulator outputsRemain at 0 V

If any physical GPU output rail appears, stop and check RB900–RB904 isolation before continuing.

6. Connect Intel Panel Power and Backlight Enable

After the physical GPU rails were disabled and the simulated PGOOD sequence was working, the Intel display-control requests were connected to the final display paths:

EDP_IG_PANEL_PWR → EDP_PANEL_PWR_EN

EDP_IG_BKLT_EN → EDP_BKLT_EN

This produced an Intel-driven image with a dim Apple logo.

PPVOUT_S0_LCDBKLT measured approximately 54.3 V, confirming that the panel supply, backlight boost converter and LED strings were operating.

7. Force U9850 to the Intel eDP Source

U9801 was retained for its required control functions.

The U9801 side of the R9819 selection path was isolated, and the U9850 mux-side input was forced to a definite 3.3 V state.

This permanently selected Intel eDP while keeping the high-speed eDP lanes routed through U9850.

8. Confirm I2C Backlight Communication

Schematic page 81 shows U8400/LP8548B1 on the logic board.

EDP_BKLT_EN reaches U8400’s enable input through R8442. The display TCON communicates with U8400 through:

• I2C_BKLT_SCL
• I2C_BKLT_SDA

The converted board was compared with a known-good board.

At a wide timebase, both SCL and SDA showed active communication. Captures at 5 µs/div and 2 µs/div allowed individual byte frames and the ninth clock to be inspected.

During the ninth SCL-high period, SDA was low. This is a valid I2C ACK and confirms that U8400 was alive and acknowledging the TCON transaction.

The ACK ruled out:

• An open SCL or SDA trace
• U8400 being unpowered
• A continuously NACKing backlight controller
• A completely inactive TCON-to-backlight communication path

The ACK does not prove that the brightness value was identical to the value used in the original AMD-GPU configuration. It only confirms that the controller received and acknowledged the transaction.

820-01700 U8400 LP8548B1 LED backlight driver schematic showing enable, I2C and boost-converter circuits.
U8400 receives backlight enable from the logic board and brightness programming from the display TCON through I2C_BKLT.
Known-good 820-01700 oscilloscope capture showing I2C_BKLT clock and data activity.
Known-good-board I2C_BKLT SCL and SDA activity used as a waveform reference.
Converted 820-01700 oscilloscope capture showing active backlight I2C clock and data communication.
The Intel-only converted board already had active I2C_BKLT communication even though the backlight remained dim.
Five-microsecond oscilloscope capture showing SDA low during the ninth I2C clock on the 820-01700 backlight bus.
At 5 µs/div, SDA is low during the ninth clock, confirming that U8400 acknowledged the I2C transaction.
Two-microsecond oscilloscope close-up showing clean I2C backlight clock and data timing.
The 2 µs/div close-up confirms stable SCL and SDA logic levels and correct I2C sampling timing.
9.BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON Backlight Recovery

Schematic page 82 shows BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON connected to J8500 pin 16.

In the normal production configuration:

• R8507 is fitted as a 10 kΩ pull-down to ground
• R8508 is marked NOSTUFF
• The optional R8508 position connects the node to PP3V3_S0SW_LCD

A 1 kΩ resistor was installed in the R8508 pull-up position. R8507 remained fitted.

The completed circuit was:

PP3V3_S0SW_LCD

R8508 position fitted with 1 kΩ

BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON

J8500 pin 16 and the display TCON

Existing R8507 10 kΩ pull-down

Ground

The resulting BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON voltage was approximately 3.02 V.

The backlight immediately changed from dim to full physical brightness.

Testing the node at both 3.02 V and 3.3 V produced no brightness difference. This confirmed that the display TCON interprets 3.02 V as a valid digital high rather than an analogue brightness setting.

The 1 kΩ pull-up was retained because it:

• Produces a reliable logic-high level
• Limits current if the TCON ever drives the signal low
• Uses the switched PP3V3_S0SW_LCD supply
• Automatically disappears when LCD power switches off

BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON does not connect directly to the logic-board U8400 backlight driver.

It is an input to the display TCON. The TCON interprets this high state and communicates with U8400 through I2C_BKLT.

820-01700 schematic showing J8500 pin 16, BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON, optional R8508 and fitted R8507.
A 1 kΩ resistor fitted at R8508 pulled BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON to approximately 3.02 V and restored full physical backlight. Source: supplied schematic, page 82.

Final Modification Summary

StageFinal modificationConfirmed result
GPU load isolationRemoved LA750, LA850, LA860, LA870 and LA950PPBUS_G3H short cleared
GPU regulator enablesRemoved 0 Ω resistors RB900–RB904, preventing EG_VR0_EN through EG_VR4_EN from reaching the physical AMD regulatorsU9801 continues its normal sequence, but none of the AMD regulator enables reaches the GPU power circuits
Real GPU PGOOD isolationRemoved RB924, RB923, RB917, RB918, RB919, RB920 and RB921The disabled regulators and their genuine PGOOD outputs are separated from U9801’s PGOOD inputs
Sequenced fake PGOODAdded five approximately 10 kΩ jumpers from RB900–RB904 pin 1 to their corresponding U9801 PGOOD nodesEach simulated PGOOD rises and falls with its matching U9801 enable
Final GPU PGOODLeft RB922 fitted between EG_VR4_PGOOD and PM_ALL_GPU_PGOODThe final VR4 stage generates PM_ALL_GPU_PGOOD after the simulated GPU sequence completes
Physical GPU railsConfirmed that all AMD GPU and VRAM regulator outputs remained at 0 VThe failed AMD GPU and VRAM subsystem remains permanently unpowered
GPU logical sequenceRetained the required EG_VR0–EG_VR4 PGOOD progression using the five sequenced fake PGOOD returnsSystem power and display sequencing completes without powering the failed GPU
eDP selectionIsolated the U9801 control side of the R9819 selection path and forced U9850 to IntelIntel eDP is permanently routed to the internal display
Panel powerConnected EDP_IG_PANEL_PWR to the EDP_PANEL_PWR_EN pathLCD panel power is sequenced correctly
Backlight enableConnected EDP_IG_BKLT_EN to the EDP_BKLT_EN pathU8400 is enabled with the Intel display timing
Backlight fallbackInstalled a 1 kΩ pull-up at R8508 while retaining the existing R8507 10 kΩ pull-downBKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON measures approximately 3.02 V and full hardware backlight is restored
User brightnessInstalled and configured Brightness SliderVisible brightness can be adjusted using software gamma dimming

Brightness-Control Limitation

The original Touch Bar brightness controls do not vary the physical LED current after this conversion.

The LED backlight operates at full electrical brightness. The Brightness Slider application changes the displayed image using software or gamma dimming.

Gamma dimming changes the pixel levels rather than reducing LED backlight power.

At very low software-brightness settings, the user may notice reduced contrast or lost shadow detail. Brightness Slider should be configured to start automatically at login.

Despite the backlight operating at full electrical power, the converted Mac ran cooler and achieved longer battery runtime. The disabled AMD GPU, VRAM, voltage regulators and their associated power losses consumed considerably more energy than the full-brightness backlight.

Testing and Verified Result

The customer’s data was backed up before extended stress testing.

The converted Mac passed:

• Complete Time Machine backup
• 24-hour stress test
• Repeated cold boots
• Repeated restarts and shutdowns
• Sleep and wake testing
• Lid close and reopen testing
• Internal-display stability testing
• Backlight shutdown during sleep
• Intel graphics and high-resolution video playback
• Keyboard, trackpad and Touch Bar testing
• Wi-Fi, audio and camera testing
• USB-C port testing
• Battery charging and battery-only operation
• Thermal and fan-response testing

The customer subsequently used the Mac for ten days without any reported problems.

The system operated cooler and achieved longer battery runtime because the dedicated AMD GPU and VRAM subsystem no longer consumed power or generated heat.

Advantages and Limitations

Advantages

• Customer data recovered and backed up
• Mac remains usable for normal everyday work
• Lower operating temperature
• Lower cooling-system load
• Longer observed battery runtime
• Failed GPU and VRAM rails remain permanently isolated
• No heat-generating GPU reflow or temporary repair

Limitations

• No AMD graphics acceleration
• Reduced graphics performance
• Hardware brightness controls do not reduce LED current
• Software gamma dimming is required
• Some external-display functions may be unavailable
• The conversion should be treated as permanent

Key Lesson

A shorted dedicated GPU can make an A2141 MacBook Pro appear completely dead while the CPU, onboard SSD and customer data remain recoverable.

A failed dedicated GPU does not automatically mean a failed SSD or lost customer data.

On the 820-01700, a successful Intel-only conversion requires GPU power sequencing, eDP source selection, panel power, backlight enable and TCON brightness control to be treated as separate systems.

Solving only one of these systems is not sufficient.

Final Fix

The failed AMD GPU and VRAM power domains were isolated by removing LA750, LA850, LA860, LA870 and LA950.

The required VR PGOOD sequence was retained without powering the failed GPU. U9801 remained in circuit for its necessary sequencing and display-control functions.

U9850 was permanently forced to the Intel eDP source. The Intel panel-power and backlight-enable requests were connected to their final control paths.

A 1 kΩ pull-up fitted at R8508 held BKLT_PWM_MLB2TCON at approximately 3.02 V and restored full hardware backlight.

Brightness Slider provides software gamma dimming for day-to-day brightness adjustment.

The customer’s data was recovered, a complete Time Machine backup was created and the previously unusable Mac returned to service using Intel integrated graphics.

Case Summary

Before repair

• USB-C meter remained at 5 V and 0 A
• PPBUS_G3H was shorted
• Five AMD GPU and VRAM rails were shorted to ground
• The Mac was unusable
• The customer had been told that the data was gone

After conversion

• PPBUS_G3H short cleared
• Failed graphics loads permanently isolated
• Normal USB-C negotiation and stable startup restored
• Intel integrated graphics drives the internal display
• Full physical backlight restored
• Customer data recovered
• Complete Time Machine backup created
• 24-hour stress test passed
• Ten days of successful customer use confirmed

If you are interested in the deeper diagnostic side of Mac repair, we have more real logic board fault cases documented here:
Mac Logic Board Repair Case Studies

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